英文單字(33)《late 帶》

和之前學過的「few」一樣有「帶」的意思。這個字的衍生字幾乎都是動詞。

late 遲的、晚期的(adj.)

It was late at night.
It was built in the late 19th century.

collate 核對、整理(v.)

把兩個東西一起帶到眼前進行核對、整理(文件)。這裡的「con/com」被簡化並重疊了一個「l」變成「col」。

The photocopier will collate the documents for you.

collect 收集(n.)

「lect」變為名詞。把東西帶到一起就是收集。

relate 講述、使共鳴、關聯(v.)

除了常用的「關聯」意思之外，也有「講述」、「使共鳴」的意思。把之前發生過的事情帶過來講就是講述；把對方的感覺重複帶來一次就是使共鳴。

She related the events of the previous week to the police.
I often wake very early - I'm sure most reader over 50 can relate.

relative 相較的、關聯的、親戚的(adj.)

除了「關聯的」、「親戚的」常用的相近意思外，也有「相較的」這種相反的意思。
Since I got a job, I've been living in relative comfort.

dilate 擴大、擴張(v.)

「dis」被簡化變為「di」。往四周帶開做出一個擴大、擴張的動作。

The pupils of the eyes dilate as darkness increases.
This drug will dilate the arteries.

superlative 最高級(adj.n.)

英文文法「最高級」的英文就是「最高(super)+帶(late)+形容詞/動詞字尾(ive)」。

"Richest" is the superlative of "rich".

translate 翻譯、轉化(v.)

將語言或物件從一個地方帶到另一個地方讓他變得合適就是翻譯、轉化。

So how does this theory translate into practical policy?

violate 違背、褻瀆、侵犯(v.)

這裡的「vio」是「violence」的縮寫，把粗魯的行為帶過來是一個非常不尊重、不敬對方的動作。

They were charged with violating federal law.
She said that she had been treated so roughly by the hospital staff that she felt violated.

ovulate 排卵(v.)

「late」加上有些字首會多一個「cu/u」在中間，而字首「ov」則是「ovi(卵)」的縮減。把卵從卵巢帶出來就是排卵。

Some women take drugs to help them ovulate.

circulate 循環、流傳(v.)

圓環式的帶動就是循環；循環的流動表示已經到處流傳了。

Hot water circulate through the heating system.
The rumors were already beginning to circulate that the project might have to be abandoned.

ejaculate 射精、突然喊出(v.)

「eja」是之前學過的「eject(發射)」的簡化，把精子帶來發射出去就是射精；把話帶到嘴邊和出去就是突然喊出。

"You've got my umbrella!" he ejaculated.

ejaculation 射精、突然喊出(n.)

Each male ejaculation will contain up to 300 million sperm.

calculate 計算(v.)

字首為「cal」時就會變計算的意思，記得中間加「cu」變成「calculate」。可以用「call+CompUter+late」來記憶。

He's calculated that it would take him two years to save up enough for a car.

calculation 計算(n.)

Leonard made a rapid calculation: he'd never make it in time.

Extra words:

pupil 瞳孔、學徒(n.)
artery 動脈、幹道(n.)
practical 實際的(adj.)、實踐(n.)
federal 聯邦的(adj.)
federation 聯邦(n.)
sperm 精子(n.)