英文單字(39)《scend 攀 / front 前》

垂直攀爬的動作，不使用「爬」一字是為了和地面爬行做出區別。

和作為單字「front(前面)」時一樣的意思。與「font(字體)」相似勿混淆。

ascend 攀爬、晉升(v.)

面對著岩壁往上攀爬；往上爬就是晉升的意思。

They slowly ascended the steep path up the mountain.
He eventually ascended to the position of chief executive.

descend 下降、蔓延(v.)

往下攀爬就是下降；往下攀遍全部的地方就是蔓延。

The path descended steeply into the valley.
Jane descended the stairs.
Silence descended over the countryside.

condescend to 屈尊(v.)

想像兩個人攀在同一座牆上，一個人自願往下爬到比另一個人低的位置表示放下自尊。
I wonder if Michael will condescend to visit us?
When he condescended to speak, he contradicted himself three or four times in the space of half an hour.

condescending 高傲的(adj.)

和「condescend」相反，對方才是位置較低的人，表示自己居高臨下。
I hate the way he's so condescending to his staff!

transcend 超越(n.)

從一個地方爬過另一個地方，通過了原來地方的極限表示超越。

The best films are those which transcend national or cultural barriers.
The underlying message of the film is that love transcends everything else.

front 前面、前線(n.)、前面的(adj.)、領導、朝向(v.)

She fronts a large IT company.
All the apartments front onto the sea.

frontier 邊境(n.)

國家領土的最前線就是邊境。
They lived in a town close to the frontier.

affront 侮辱、冒犯(v.n.)

面對著對方並故意向前擠過去讓對方不快就是侮辱、冒犯。

I was most affronted by his comments.
He regarded the comments as an affront to his dignity.

confront 面對、遭遇(v.)

兩個人剛好面對在一起就是面對、遭遇。

As she left the court, she was confronted by angry crowds who tried to block her way.
It's an issue we'll have to confront at some point, no matter how unpleasant it is.

confrontation 對抗、衝突(n.)

當「confront(面對/遭遇)」變成名詞時，會有較負面的意思。
Some couples seem to like confrontation, but Josh and I hardly ever argue.
There were violent confrontation between police and demonstrators.

forefront at/in 最前線的、最首要的(adj.)

「fore」本身就有「前」的意思，把「front」作為「前線」，最前面的前線就是最前線，同時也是最首要的位置。

She was one of the politicians at/in the forefront of the campaign to free the prisoners.
His team is at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines.

Extra words:

steep 陡峭的(adj.)、浸泡(v.)
chief executive officer 總裁、CEO(n.)
underlying 潛在的(adj.)
barrier 障礙(n.)
regard 重視、注重(v.n.)
dignity 尊嚴(n.)
hardly 幾乎不(adv.)
politician 政治家(n.)
vaccine 疫苗(n.)