英文單字(25)《cise 切 / fend 擋》

「cise」很簡單就是「切」的動作，常用的「exercise(鍛鍊)」就是這個字的衍生字。

「fend」單獨做單字使用時有「抵擋」、「擊退」的意思，也可以解釋成透過「接觸的方式」來抵禦對方。

excise 切除(v.)、貨物稅、消費稅(n.)

把多餘的部分切掉就是切除。貨物稅、消費稅就是把購買價格切除的額外部分。

During a three-hour operation six tumors were excised from wall of the patient's stomach.
The excise on beer was increased under the last government.

concise 簡潔的(adj.)

把不必要的東西全部一起切掉就是簡潔的。

Make your answers clear and concise.

precise 準確的、精確的(adj.)

預先切好模組就能在上面完成準確、精確的工作。

He caught me at the precise moment that I fainted.
Years of meticulous research had made her very precise in her working methods.

incise 雕、刻(v.)

切入就是雕或刻的動作。

The design is incised into a metal plate.

exercise 鍛鍊、運用(n.v.)

常用的字，「exer」加上「cise(切)」即為鍛鍊，這個字比較少見也有「使用」的意思。

The exercise of restraint may well be difficult.
I exercised my democratic right by not voting in the election.

fend 抵擋、擊退(v.)

She managed to fend off her attacker with a stick.

defend 防守、守護(v.)

壓低中心做阻擋的動作來做防守。

How can we defend our homeland if we don't have an army?
In the last ten minutes of the game, we needed to defend.

defense 防禦(n.)

遊戲常用的「防禦力」就是這個字。

defensive 防禦的(adj.)

There are purely defensive weapons, not designed for attack.

offend 冒犯、犯罪(v.)

對著對方去做非意願的接觸就是冒犯、犯罪。

I think she was offended that she hadn't been invited to the party.
Obviously if a police officer offend it's a fairly serious matter.

offense 冒犯、犯罪(n.)

offensive 冒犯的(adj.)、進攻(n.)

侵犯就是一種進攻。加上「ive」字尾後，除了形容詞也有名詞的作用。
Knives of any kind are classed as offensive weapons.

offender 罪犯(n.)

fence 柵欄、籬笆(n.)

柵欄、籬笆都是用來抵禦的，故名字就是「抵擋(fend)」的名詞。

Extra words:

tumor 腫瘤(n.)
meticulous 嚴謹的、一絲不苟的(adj.)
restraint 克制(n.)
democratic 民主的(adj.)
fairly 相當地、公平地(adv.)